Philemon Introduction - A Study Guide by Mark A. Copeland

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                        THE EPISTLE TO PHILEMON

                        Introduction To Philemon

AUTHOR:  PAUL, the apostle of Jesus Christ (1,9,19)

PLACE OF WRITING:  ROME, about the same time the epistle to the
Colossians was written.  This deduction is based upon the following:

   1) Like the epistle to the Colossians, the epistle to Philemon was
      written when Paul was in chains (1,10,13,23)

   2) Timothy joined Paul in both epistles (1; Col 1:1)

   3) Epaphras, Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke joined in the
      salutation of both (23,24; Col 4:10-14)

   4) Onesimus, the subject of this epistle, was one of the messengers
      by whom the epistle to the Colossians was sent (Col 4:7-9)

   5) Archippus, to whom this epistle is partially addressed (2), is
      also addressed in the epistle to the Colossians (Col 4:17)

TIME OF WRITING:  If the epistle to Philemon was written about the
time Colossians and the other "prison epistles" (Ephesians and 
Philippians) were written, then it was written during Paul's 
imprisonment at Rome, sometime during the period of 61-63 A.D.

BACKGROUND OF THE EPISTLE:  Philemon was a member of the church at Colosse
(cf. 1,2, with Col 4:17), and a very hospitable one at that
(1,2,5,7).  It is possible that he was one of Paul's own converts (19).
It is also plausible that Apphia was his wife, and Archippus his son
(1,2).

Onesimus had been one of Philemon's slaves (16), who had run away (15).
It appears that he somehow traveled to Rome where he found Paul and
was converted to Christ (10).  He had become very dear to Paul, and was
proving to be very useful (11-13).

But Paul did not think it right to keep Onesimus in Rome, and was
sending him back to Philemon (12-14).  This letter to Philemon is an
appeal for him to receive Onesimus now as a brother in Christ, and for
him to forgive Onesimus if he had done any wrong (15-21).

PURPOSE OF WRITING:  From the content of the epistle, it appears that
Paul had both a primary and secondary purpose:

   1) Primarily to secure forgiveness for Onesimus

   2) But also to provide from himself a place of lodging after his
      release from imprisonment (22)

THE VALUE OF THIS EPISTLE:  This short, but valuable epistle has been
described as:
               * A Model Of Christian Courtesy
               
               * A Manifestation Of Christian Love
               
               * A Monument Of Christian Conversion

Perhaps this is why the Holy Spirit deemed it proper to preserve it for
our benefit.

KEY PASSAGE:  "I appeal to you for my son Onesimus, whom I have
               begotten while in my chains, who once was unprofitable
               to you, but now is profitable to you and to me."
               (10,11)

BRIEF OUTLINE:   Paul's Courtesy (1-3)
                 Paul's Compliment (4-7)
                 Paul's Counsel (8-21)
                 Paul's Conclusion (22-25)

A detailed outline of the epistle can be found in the material on
Chapter One.

REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR THE INTRODUCTION

1) Who is the author of this epistle?
   - Paul

2) Where was he writing from?
   - Rome

3) Approximately when was this epistle written?
   - Sometime between 61-63 A.D.

4) What other epistles were written by Paul about the same time?
   - Colossians, Ephesians, and Philippians

5) What church possibly met in Philemon's home?
   - The church at Colosse

6) Who was Onesimus?
   - A runaway slave that had belonged to Philemon

7) What was Paul's purpose in writing this epistle?
   - To secure forgiveness for Onesimus
   - To provide for himself a place of lodging after his release from
     imprisonment

8) What are the key verses to this epistle?
   - Philemon 10-11
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