"STUDIES IN THE MINOR PROPHETS"
Haggai - Build The Temple! (1:1-2:23)
INTRODUCTION
- In our survey of "The Minor Prophets", we now jump ahead about
100 years...
- Prophets like Zephaniah, Nahum, and Habakkuk prophesied shortly
before the seventy years of Babylonian captivity (i.e. before
606-536 B.C.)
- Following the return under the leadership of Zerubbabel (536
B.C.), it was not long before two more prophets were sent to the
people of Israel
- These prophets were Haggai and Zechariah, the first of which we
shall consider in this lesson...
- Concerning the MAN
- His name means "Festival" or "Festive"
- What we know of Haggai is limited to his book and references
in Ezra (see below)
- Together with Zechariah he motivated the Jews in rebuilding
the temple
- Concerning the MESSAGE
- It is commonly dated around 520 B.C. (the second year of King
Darius - Hag 1:1)
- For the foundation of the temple had been laid shortly
after the arrival under the leadership of Zerubbabel (i.e.,
536 B.C.) - cf. Ezra 3:8-13
- Yet opposition to rebuilding the temple stopped it for 16
years - Ezra 4:1-24
- God then raised up Haggai and Zechariah - Ezra 5:1-2; 6:14
- The theme of Haggai's preaching: Build The Temple!
- His message contains four separate proclamations
- All within four months - cf. Hag 1:1; 2:1,10,20
[As we outline and briefly consider the message of Haggai, we begin by
noticing...]
- A WORD OF REPROOF
- BUILDING THE TEMPLE IS LONG OVERDUE...
- Haggai takes the Lord's message to Israel's leaders - Hag 1:1
- Zerubbabel the governor (who lead the first group of exiles
back home)
- Joshua the high priest (also known as Jeshua, Ezra 2:1-2,
36,40; 3:2-8)
- The Lord takes issue with what the people have been saying
- Hag 1:2-4
- They have been saying the time is not right to build the
temple
- The Lord challenged them as to whether they should live in
paneled houses while the temple lies in ruins
- THE PEOPLE SHOULD CONSIDER THEIR WAYS...
- The Lord challenged them to consider what was happening - Hag
1:5-6
- Their efforts were much
- But they received little in return
- To motivate them in building the temple, their trouble is
explained - Hag 1:7-11
- They needed to build the temple and thereby glorify God
- For their efforts to obtain much for themselves was
frustrated by God
- They looked for much, but God blew it away
- While His house lay in ruins, they were busy building
their own
- Therefore God had called for a drought on the land and
its fruit
- THE TESTIMONY OF THE PROPHET IS HEEDED...
- With the leadership of Zerubbabel and Joshua the people obeyed
- Hag 1:12
- The Lord promises to be with them - Hag 1:13
- Stirred up by the Lord, Zerubbabel and Joshua lead the remnant
to resume work on the temple - Hag 1:14-15
[From Hag 1:1,15, we can determine that it took 24 days for the people
to begin rebuilding the temple. About a month later (cf. Hag 2:1),
another message from the Lord comes by way of Haggai. This message
is...]
- A WORD OF SUPPORT
- ARE THE PEOPLE DISCOURAGED?
- Haggai is sent again to Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the faithful
remnant - Hag 2:1-2
- Those who had seen the former temple in its glory are asked if
the present temple appears as nothing in comparison - Hag 2:3
-- The new temple evidently did not compare with the temple built
by Solomon
- THE LORD PROVIDES A WORD OF ENCOURAGEMENT...
- The Lord encourages them to be strong, for He is with them
- Hag 2:4-5
- The Lord promises to make the glory of this temple greater
- Hag 2:6-9
- By shaking the nations and having them come to "the Desire
of All Nations"
- This can be translated "the desired of all nations will
come", perhaps speaking of the nations bringing their
wealth to the temple - cf. Hag 2:8; Isa 60:5
- Many see a Messianic reference in this phrase, though no
reference is so made in the New Testament (He 12:26-27
does make an allusion to verse 6)
- By giving peace "in this place"
- Some see another Messianic reference in this phrase
- Certainly Jesus as the Prince of Peace, came to the
temple
[With such a word of encouragement, the people would continue with
their task of rebuilding the temple. But all was not well in the eyes
of the Lord; He needed Haggai once again to prophesy to the people, so
two months later (cf. 2:1,10) comes...]
- A WORD OF EXPLANATION
- THE PEOPLE ARE OFFERING A WORK THAT IS UNCLEAN...
- Through two questions, the Lord challenges the priests to
think - Hag 2:10-13
- Can holiness be transferred through casual contact? - No
- Can defilement be transferred through casual contact? - Yes
- Well, the people are unclean, and what they therefore offer is
unclean! - Hag 2:14
- Unclean people can't build a holy temple
- Therefore, their offering is unclean!
- ONCE AGAIN THE PEOPLE ARE ASKED TO CONSIDER...
- First, begin considering what God has done in the past - Hag
2:15-17
- Before the stone was laid in the temple, things were scarce
- The Lord even brought blight, mildew and hail to frustrate
their labors, but they did not heed Him
- Now, begin considering what God is promising to do - Hag 2:18-19
- Begin considering that very day (24th day of the ninth
month)
- Consider what has occurred from the day the temple's
foundation was laid
- Is there seed in the barn? (no) Nor has the produce
yielded its fruit
- But beginning that very day (24th day of the ninth month),
God was going to bless them!
[With such a promise, they would likely repent and build the temple as
they should. To encourage them further, Haggai has one last message...]
- A WORD OF PROMISE
- GOD WILL OVERTHROW THE KINGDOMS OF THE NATIONS...
- This message came at the same time as the third message - Hag
2:20
- On the 24th day of the ninth month, of the second year of
Darius
- Nearly four months after the first message - cf. Hag 1:1
- Directed to Zerubbabel, governor of Judah - Hag 2:21-22
- God proclaims He will shake heaven and earth
- He will overthrow the kingdoms of the Gentiles
- This He will do, "everyone by the sword of his brother"
-- Note: Just as He did before, using Assyria to punish
Israel, Babylon to punish Assyria, Medo-Persia to punish
Babylon, etc.
- GOD'S SPECIAL PROMISE TO ZERUBBABEL...
- In the same day that God will overthrow the nations - Hag 2:23a
- God will make Zerubbabel as a signet ring, for God has chosen
him - Hag 2:23b
- Many see a Messianic reference in this promise
- For God calls Zerubbabel "My servant", an expression
often used in Isaiah in reference to the Messiah - cf.
Isa 52:13; 53:11
- And God says "for I have chosen you" (Messiah means
anointed, chosen)
- That as governor of Judah and descendant of David,
Zerubbabel represents the Messianic hope that has been
renewed and would be ultimately fulfilled with the coming
of Jesus!
-- Note: With His exaltation to the right hand of God, Jesus
began to rule the nations "with a rod of iron", as
Revelation vividly depicts - Re 1:5; 2:26-27; 3:21; 17:14
CONCLUSION
- Haggai's message was primarily designed to encourage Zerubbabel and
the faithful remnant of Israel who had returned from Babylonian
captivity...
- To finish rebuilding the temple
- To do so in a manner that would honor and glorify God
- To look to the future with hope and promise
- Like other books of the Old Testament...
- Haggai was "written for our learning" - Ro 15:4
- There are lessons that can easily be gleaned from this book, such
as:
- The importance of putting God first - Hag 1:2-4
- The need for every one to work, not just the leaders - Hag 1:12-15
- The danger of letting evil contaminate our efforts to serve
God - Hag 2:11-14
- As Christians, we are blessed to be "a holy temple in the Lord" - Ep
2:19-22; cf. 1Pe 2:5
- The foundation of this temple has been laid
- But the need for building upon the foundation continues!
Living in a highly materialistic society, it may easy for us to neglect
the ongoing construction of the Lord's house. Perhaps we need to
remember the words of the Lord through Haggai:
"Is it time for you yourselves to dwell in your paneled houses,
and this temple to lie in ruins?" (Hag 1:4)
If we are indeed guilty of neglecting the Lord's house, then heed also
these words of Haggai:
"Consider your ways!"